Abamectinndi mtundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, acaricide ndi nematicide opangidwa mogwirizana ndi Merck (tsopano Syngenta) wa ku United States, womwe udali wolekanitsidwa ndi dothi la Streptomyces Avermann ndi yunivesite ya Kitori ku Japan mu 1979. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito thana ndi tizirombo monga nthata, lepidoptera, homoptera, coleoptera, nematodes pa mbewu zambiri, mitengo yazipatso, maluwa ndi mitengo, monga njenjete ya diamondback, njenjete yamitengo ya zipatso, kafadala, mbozi zapaini, akangaude ofiira, thrips, planthoppers, leaf migodi, nsabwe za m'masamba, etc.
1 Abamectin · Fluazinam
Fluazinam ndi pyrimidine bactericidal watsopano ndi acaricidal wothandizira. Zinanenedwa kuti ili ndi bactericidal effect mu 1982. Mu 1988, inali gulu lopangidwa ndi Syngenta ndi Ishihara Corporation ya Japan. Mu 1990, Fluazinam, ufa wonyowa wa 50%, unalembedwa koyamba ku Japan. Kachitidwe kake ndi mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation coupling agent, yomwe imatha kuletsa njira yonse yakukula kwa mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi kachilombo. Iwo sangakhoze bwino ziletsa amasulidwe ndi kumera kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a zoospores, komanso ziletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mycelium ndi mapangidwe olowa ziwalo. Ili ndi chitetezo champhamvu, koma palibe zoletsa komanso zochizira, koma imakhala ndi kulimbikira komanso kukana kukokoloka kwa mvula.
Mapangidwe a Abamectin ndi haloperidine amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi nsabwe za m'mera, zomwe sizingathetsere nthata za phytophagous monga akangaude, komanso kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana.
2 Abamectin · pyridaben
Pyridaben, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a thiazidone ndi acaricide, inapangidwa ndi Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd. nsabwe za m'masamba, komanso zimakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga nsabwe za m'masamba, utitiri wachikasu, ma hopper a masamba ndi tizirombo tina. ake kanthu limagwirira ndi sanali mwadongosolo tizilombo ndi acaricide, ndiko kuti, makamaka linalake ndipo tikulephera synthesis ena nkhungu mu minofu minofu, minyewa minofu ndi ma elekitironi kufala dongosolo la tizirombo. Ili ndi mphamvu yopha anthu, koma ilibe mayamwidwe amkati ndi fumigation.
Avi · pyridaben amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polimbana ndi nthata zovulaza monga kangaude wofiira, koma chifukwa pyridaben yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbewu zosiyanasiyana kwa nthawi yaitali komanso nthawi zambiri, kukana kwake kumakhalanso kwakukulu, choncho mankhwala amtunduwu akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito popewa. ndikuwongolera nthata zovulaza zikapanda kuchitika kapena zikangoyamba kumene. Pali makamaka emulsion, microemulsion, ufa wonyowa, emulsion wamadzi ndi kuyimitsidwa wothandizira.
3 Abamectin · Etoxazole
Etimazole ndi oxazoline acaricide, diphenyl oxazoline derivative acaricide yomwe inapezeka ndi kupangidwa ndi Sumitomo Corporation ya ku Japan mu 1994. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthata zowononga kwambiri monga Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus holoclavatus, Tetranychus originalis ndi Tetranychus pamitengo ya zipatso, masamba a cinnaba. , maluwa ndi mbewu zina. Njira yake yochitirapo kanthu ndi chitin choletsa, ndiko kuti, kulepheretsa mapangidwe a mazira a mite ndi kupukuta kwa nthata zazikulu. Imakhala ndi zotsatira za kuphana ndi kupha m'mimba, ndipo ilibe mayamwidwe amkati. Imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi nthata za mazira, nthata zazing'ono ndi nymphs, ndipo ilibe mphamvu pa nthata zazikulu, koma imatha kulepheretsa kuswa kapena kuswa kwa nthata zazikazi, ndipo imagonjetsedwa ndi kukokoloka kwa mvula.
Avenidazole ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro siteji ya kuphulika kwa nthata zoipa kapena pamene anatulukira.
4 Abamectin · Bifenazat
Bifenazat ndi mtundu wa Bifenazat acaricide, yomwe idapezeka ndi Uniroy Company (yomwe tsopano ndi Koju Company) mu 1996, kenako idapangidwa limodzi ndi Nissan Chemical ku Japan. Idalembedwa mu 2000 ngati hydrazine formate (kapena diphenylhydrazine) acaricide. Mankhwalawa sali othandiza kwambiri kuposa ethyndrite, komanso otetezeka kwa zomera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yambiri ya nthata zovulaza monga Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus flavus, Tetranychus totalis, etc. pamitengo ya zipatso, masamba, zomera zokongola ndi mavwende. Zili ndi zotsatira zakupha, palibe mayamwidwe amkati, ndipo sizimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kochepa. Ndiwothandiza m'magulu onse a nthata (mazira, nymphs ndi nthata zazikulu) ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito yopha dzira ndi kugwetsa nsabwe zazikulu. Njira yake yogwirira ntchito ndikulepheretsa maselo a mitsempha, ndiko kuti, kumagulu apakati a mitsempha ya mitsempha γ - Ntchito yapadera ya aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor imatha kulepheretsa mitsempha yapakati ya mitsempha ya mitsempha kuti ikwaniritse zotsatira za kupha.
Avil · Bifenazat ester sizothandiza kwambiri pakupha, komanso sizovuta kutulutsa kukana mankhwala. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbewu zambiri.
6 Abamectin · Hexythiazox
Thiazolidinone ndi mtundu wa acaricide wopangidwa ndi Caoda Company yaku Japan. Imalimbana kwambiri ndi akangaude, ndipo imakhala yochepa kwambiri polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ndulu. Limagwirira ake kanthu ndi sanali dongosolo acaricide, amene ali ndi zotsatira za kukhudza kupha ndi m`mimba kawopsedwe, ndipo alibe mkati mayamwidwe madutsidwe, koma ali ndi bwino malowedwe kwambiri zomera epidermis. Ili ndi ntchito yabwino yolimbana ndi mazira a nthata ndi nthata zazing'ono. Ngakhale ali ofooka kawopsedwe kwa wamkulu nthata, izo ziletsa kuswa mazira aakazi wamkulu nthata. Non-thermal acaricide, ndiko kuti, sichimakhudza mphamvu ya acaricidal pa kutentha kwakukulu kapena kochepa.
Ave · Hexythiazox itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi akangaude kapena akangaude nthawi zambiri, koma zotsatira zake pa nthata zazikulu sizabwino. Ndibwino kuti muwalamulire kumayambiriro kwa zochitika, ndipo palibe kusiyana kwa zotsatira pamene kutentha kwa chilengedwe kumasintha kwambiri.
7 Abamectin · Diafenthiuron
Diafenthiuron ndi mankhwala atsopano ophera tizilombo a thiourea opangidwa ndi Ciba-Kaji (tsopano Syngenta) m'ma 1980s. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi tizirombo ta Lepidoptera monga njenjete za diamondback, nyongolotsi ya kabichi, nyongolotsi za nyemba pa mbewu zosiyanasiyana ndi zokongoletsa, komanso tizirombo ta pteroptera monga leafhopper, whitefly ndi aphid, komanso nthata za phytophagous monga akangaude (spider mite) ndi tarsal mite. Zimakhala ndi zotsatira za kupha munthu, kupha m'mimba, kufukiza ndi kuyamwa mkati. Diafenthiuron imakhudza pang'onopang'ono mazira, mphutsi, nymphs ndi akuluakulu, koma zotsatira zake pa mazira si zabwino. Kachitidwe kake kamakhala ndi zochitika zamoyo pokhapokha atavunda kukhala zotumphukira za carbodiimide pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa (ultraviolet) kapena pansi pa zochita za multifunctional oxidase m'thupi la tizilombo, ndipo carbodiimide imatha kusankha mwanzeru kuphatikiza Fo-ATPase ndi mapuloteni akunja a pore. mu nembanemba wamkati wa mitochondria kulepheretsa kupuma kwa mitochondrial, kulepheretsa ntchito ya mitsempha ya mitochondria m'thupi la tizilombo, zimakhudza kupuma kwake ndi kutembenuka kwa mphamvu, ndikupangitsa tizilombo kuti tife.
Avidin sangakhoze kokha kulamulira nthata zoipa monga akangaude ndi tarsal nthata mu mbewu, komanso zabwino kulamulira kwambiri lepidoptera ndi homoptera tizirombo, koma ali ndi zotsatira zoipa pa nthata kapena mazira tizilombo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mitundu ina ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo okhala ndi mphamvu mwachangu kapena nthawi yayitali, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi opha dzira ena, monga tetrapyrazine. Imakhudzidwanso ndi masamba ena, monga kolifulawa ndi broccoli, ndipo sizovomerezeka kuigwiritsa ntchito panthawi yamaluwa.
8 Abamectin · Propargite
Propargite ndi mtundu wa organic sulfure acaricide, wopangidwa ndi kampani yakale ya Uniroy ya United States (yomwe tsopano ndi Copua Company ya United States) mu 1969. Njira yake yochitira zinthu ndi mitochondrial inhibitor, ndiko kuti, poletsa kaphatikizidwe ka mphamvu ya mitochondrial. ATP) ya nthata, motero zimakhudza kagayidwe kake ndi kukonza nthata ndi kupha nthata. Lili ndi zotsatira za poizoni wa m'mimba, kupha kukhudzana ndi fumigation, alibe mayamwidwe mkati ndi permeability, ndipo ali ndi ntchito yaikulu pa kutentha kwakukulu. Iwo ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pa achinyamata nthata, nymphs ndi wamkulu nthata, koma otsika ntchito pa nthata mazira. ① Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa kutentha kumadzetsa kuwonongeka komwe kungabwezedwe ku magawo a mbewu. ② Ili ndi mawonekedwe ofulumira, nthawi yayitali, ndi zotsalira zochepa (chifukwa chosakwanira, mankhwala ambiri amadzimadzi amangokhala pamwamba pa zomera). Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi nthata zowononga kwambiri monga nthata zamasamba, nthata za tiyi, nthata zamasamba, nthata za ndulu, ndi zina zambiri pamitengo yosiyanasiyana monga mavwende, masamba a cruciferous, mitengo yazipatso, thonje, nyemba, mitengo ya tiyi ndi zomera zokongola. .
Avi - nthata za acetyl zimatha kuwononga mitundu yambiri ya nthata zowononga mbewu. Kutentha kwina, kutentha kumakwera kwambiri, mphamvu yowongolera imakhala yofunika kwambiri, koma zotsatira za mazira a nthata zimakhala zofooka, ndipo mlingo wochuluka umatulutsa zizindikiro zina zomwe zingathe kuchira ku mbali zanthete za mbewu.
9 Abamectin · fenpropathrin
Fenpropathrin ndi pyrethroid insecticide ndi acaricide yopangidwa ndi Sumitomo mu 1973. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsabwe za m'masamba, thonje, nyongolotsi ya kabichi, njenjete ya diamondback, leafminer, leafhopper ya tiyi, inchworm, heartworm, flower shell worm, njenjete wakupha ndi tizirombo tina ta Lepido. Homoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Coleoptera ndi tizirombo tina pa thonje, mitengo yazipatso, masamba ndi mbewu zina, komanso kupewa akangaude ofiira ndi nthata zina zovulaza. Lili ndi zotsatira za kuphana, kuopsa kwa m'mimba ndi kuthamangitsidwa, ndipo ilibe mphamvu yopumira ndi fumigating. Ndi yogwira kwa mazira, ana nthata, nymphs, achinyamata nthata ndi wamkulu nthata zoipa. Kachitidwe kake ndi poizoni wa mitsempha, ndiko kuti, imagwira ntchito pa mitsempha ya tizirombo, imawononga ndondomeko ya mitsempha ya tizirombo, ndipo imawapangitsa kukhala okondwa kwambiri, olumala ndi akufa. Zotsatira zake ndi zodabwitsa pa kutentha kochepa, koma sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuwononga mankhwala.
Avermethrin angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulamulira mbewu zambiri akangaude kapena ofiira akangaude, koma kulamulira mphamvu zimadalira mmene zinthu zilili. Chifukwa fenpropathrin ndi pyrethroid, nthawi zambiri imakhala yosagwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya ma acaricides, koma imatha kulamulira nthata zowononga zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ndiyosavuta kupanga kukana mankhwala, komanso imatha kuwongolera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lepidoptera, mlomo woluma komanso tizirombo tina, koma chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya pyrethroids ndikugwiritsa ntchito zaka zambiri, Kupewa ndi kuwongolera sikungakhale koyenera, kotero tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kupewa poyamba. Mafomu a mlingo amaphatikizapo mafuta otsekemera, microemulsion ndi ufa wonyowa.
10 Abamectin · Profenofos
Profenofos ndi thiophosphate organophosphate insecticide ndi acaricide yopangidwa ndi Ciba-Kaji (tsopano Syngenta) mu 1975. Ikhoza kuteteza ndi kulamulira mbola pakamwa, kutafuna pakamwa kapena lepidoptera tizirombo ndi nthata pa mpunga, thonje, mitengo ya zipatso, masamba a cruciferous, zomera zokongola, areca, kokonati ndi zomera zina, monga thonje bollworm, mpunga leaf roller, diamondback moth, nocturnal moth, aphid, thrips, red kangaude, mpunga planthopper, tsamba mgodi ndi tizirombo ena. Kachitidwe kake ndi acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, yomwe imakhala ndi kukhudzana ndi kawopsedwe ka m'mimba, kulowerera mwamphamvu kwa mbewu, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kwa tizirombo, komanso kupha mazira ku tizirombo ndi nthata. Koma palibe mayamwidwe mkati. Ikhoza kutengeka mwamsanga ndi zomera pamwamba, ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zina zotengera muzomera. Iwo akhoza opatsirana m'mphepete mwa masamba kupha tizirombo, ndi Profenofos ali amphamvu chopinga zotsatira pa ntchito ya tizilombo acetylcholinesterase, amene amafooketsa kukana mankhwala tizirombo. Chifukwa ambiri a organic phosphorous ali ndi zochita zina motsutsana ndi nthata zovulaza, mtundu womwewo wa wothandizira, avirin ndi Profenofos, angagwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa nthata zovulaza.
11 Abamectin · chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo a organophosphorus opangidwa ndikupangidwa ndi Taoshi Yinong mu 1965. Zinaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mavwende ndi ndiwo zamasamba ku China pa Disembala 31, 2014, ndikuletsedwa kotheratu m'madera ena (monga Hainan, ndi zina zotero) kuyambira 2020. zotsatira za kupha munthu, kupha m'mimba, ndi kufukiza, koma alibe mpweya. Pambuyo ntchito, izo ziletsa ntchito ya acetylcholinesterase mu thupi la tizirombo, kuwachititsa kusamuka bwino, overexcitation, ndi kuphipha mpaka imfa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira borers, noctuids ndi lepidoptera ndi coleoptera pa mpunga, chimanga, soya, mitengo yazipatso ndi mbewu zina, komanso tizirombo tating'onoting'ono monga tsinde ndi akambuku apansi, ndi tizirombo tosiyanasiyana monga leafminer.
Abamectin ndi chlorpyrifos adalembetsa mitundu yopitilira 60 ku China, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi tizirombo ta lepidoptera m'mitengo yazipatso, akambuku apansi, ma grubs, nematodes a mizu ndi tizirombo tina tapansi panthaka. Monga phosphorous yambiri yachilengedwe monga Profenofos, ali ndi zochita zina zolimbana ndi nthata zovulaza, ndipo amathanso kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-20-2023
