Kodi chimanga chimakhudzidwa ndi smut? Kuzindikiritsa panthawi yake, kupewa msanga ndi kuchiza kungathandize kupewa mliri

Chimanga chakuda pamtengo wa chimanga kwenikweni ndi matenda, omwe amadziwika kuti corn smut, amatchedwanso smut, omwe amadziwika kuti thumba la grey ndi nkhungu yakuda. Ustilago ndi imodzi mwa matenda ofunikira a chimanga, omwe amakhudza kwambiri zokolola za chimanga ndi ubwino wake. Mlingo wa kuchepetsa zokolola zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nthawi yoyambira, kukula kwa matenda ndi malo a matenda.

  

Zizindikiro zazikulu za smut chimanga

Kutsetsereka kwa chimanga kumatha kuchitika nthawi yonse ya kakulidwe, koma sikuchitika kawirikawiri mu siteji ya mbande ndipo kumawonjezeka mofulumira pambuyo pa kudulidwa. Matendawa adzachitika pamene mbande za chimanga zili ndi masamba enieni a 4-5. Masamba ndi masamba a mbande za matenda adzapindika, opunduka, ndi kufupikitsidwa. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timawoneka m'munsi mwa tsinde pafupi ndi nthaka. Chimangachi chikakula kufika pa phazi limodzi, zizindikiro zidzaonekera. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti zitatha izi, masamba, tsinde, ngayaye, makutu, ndi ma axillary masamba amadwala motsatizana ndipo zotupa zimawonekera. Zotupazo zimasiyanasiyana kukula kwake, kuyambira zazing’ono ngati dzira mpaka zazikulu ngati nkhonya. Poyamba zotupazo zimawoneka zoyera, zonyezimira komanso zonyezimira. Akakhwima, nembanemba yakunja imang'ambika ndikutulutsa ufa wambiri wakuda. Pa phesi la chimanga pakhoza kukhala chotupa chimodzi kapena zingapo. Ngayaye ikazulidwa, maluwa ena amadwala ndipo amayamba kukhala ndi zotupa zooneka ngati nyanga. Nthawi zambiri zotupa zingapo zimasonkhana mulu. Ngayaye imodzi imatha kukhala Nambala ya zotupa zimasiyanasiyana kuchokera pa zingapo kufika khumi ndi ziwiri.

Mchitidwe wa zochitika za chimanga smut

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kupitilira m'nthaka, manyowa kapena zotsalira za zomera zomwe zadwala ndipo ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda mchaka chachiwiri. Ma chlamydospores omwe amamatira kumbewu amatenga gawo lina pakufalikira kwakutali kwa smut. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikalowa m'mbewu ya chimanga, mycelium imakula mwachangu mkati mwa cell ya parenchyma ndikupanga chinthu chonga ngati auxin chomwe chimapangitsa ma cell a chimanga, kuwapangitsa kuti akule ndikuchulukana, kenako ndikupanga zotupa. Chotupacho chikang'ambika, ma teliospores ambiri amamasulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kachilomboka kayambiranso.

Kupewa ndi kuwongolera smut ya chimanga
(1) Kuthira mbewu: 50% ufa wonyowa wa Carbendazim utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popaka 0.5% ya kulemera kwa mbeu.
(2) Chotsani gwero la nthendayo: Matenda akapezeka, tiyenera kuwadula msanga n’kukwirira mozama kapena kuwotcha. Pambuyo pokolola chimanga, masamba ogwa a zomera zotsala m'munda ayenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kuti achepetse gwero la mabakiteriya ochuluka m'nthaka. Kwa minda yomwe ili ndi matenda oopsa, pewani kubzala mosalekeza.
(3) Limbikitsani kasamalidwe ka kulima: Choyamba, kubzala mosamalitsa ndiko njira yaikulu imene tingatsatire. Yoyenera ndi wololera pafupi kubzala chimanga osati kuonjezera zokolola, komanso mogwira kuteteza zimachitika wa chimanga smut. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi ndi feteleza ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Kuchulukirachulukira sikudzakhala kosavuta kuwongolera smut ya chimanga.
(4) Kapewedwe ka kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa: Panthawi imene chimanga chikamera mpaka kumutu, tiyenera kuphatikiza kupalira ndi kuwononga tizirombo monga bollworm, thrips, corn borer, ndi thonje bollworm. Nthawi yomweyo, fungicides monga Carbendazim ndi Tebuconazole amatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Tengani njira zoyenera zopewera smut.
(5) Kupopera mankhwala: Matendawa akangopezeka m'munda, pochotsa nthawi yake, mankhwala ophera fungicides monga Tebuconazole kuti athetse ndi kuletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa.