Gray nkhungu wa phwetekere makamaka amapezeka maluwa ndi fruiting magawo, ndipo akhoza kuvulaza maluwa, zipatso, masamba ndi zimayambira. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi pachimake cha matenda. Matendawa akhoza kuchitika kuyambira chiyambi cha maluwa mpaka zipatso. Zovulazazi zimakhala zazikulu m'zaka zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kochepa komanso nyengo yamvula yosalekeza.
Gray nkhungu wa phwetekere amapezeka oyambirira, kumatenga nthawi yaitali, ndipo makamaka kuwononga zipatso, choncho zimayambitsa imfa kwambiri.
1,Zizindikiro
Zimayambira, masamba, maluwa ndi zipatso zingakhale zovulaza, koma kuvulaza kwakukulu kwa chipatso, kawirikawiri matenda obiriwira a zipatso ndi aakulu kwambiri.
Matenda a masamba nthawi zambiri amayamba kuchokera kumapeto kwa tsamba ndikufalikira mkati motsatira mitsempha ya nthambi mu mawonekedwe a "V".
Poyamba, imakhala ngati madzi, ndipo ikatha kukula, imakhala yachikasu-bulauni, yokhala ndi m'mphepete mosagwirizana ndi magudumu akuda ndi opepuka.
Malire pakati pa minyewa yodwala ndi yathanzi ndi yoonekeratu, ndipo nkhungu yaying'ono imvi ndi yoyera imapangidwa pamwamba.
Tsinde likakhala ndi kachilombo, limayamba ngati kadontho kakang'ono kamadzi oviikidwa m'madzi, kenako ndikumakula kukhala oblong kapena mawonekedwe osakhazikika, ofiirira. Chinyezi chikakhala chambiri, pamwamba pake pamakhala nkhungu yotuwa, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, tsinde ndi masamba omwe ali pamwamba pa matendawo amafa.
Chipatso matenda, otsala kusalidwa kapena pamakhala woyamba kachilombo, ndiyeno kufalikira kwa chipatso kapena phesi, chifukwa mu peel ndi imvi, ndipo pali wandiweyani imvi nkhungu wosanjikiza, ngati madzi zowola.
njira yolamulira
Kuwongolera zaulimi
- Kuwongolera zachilengedwe
Pa nthawi yake mpweya wabwino m`mawa pa dzuwa masiku, makamaka dzuwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi madzi ulimi wothirira, wachiwiri kwa masiku wachitatu pambuyo ulimi wothirira, kutsegula tuyere kwa mphindi 15 mutatha kutsegula nsalu yotchinga m`mawa, ndiyeno kutseka potulukira. Pamene kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha dzuwa limatuluka 30 ° C, ndiye pang`onopang`ono kutsegula tuyere. Kutentha kwakukulu kopitilira 31 ℃ kumatha kuchepetsa kumera kwa spores ndikuchepetsa kupezeka kwa matenda. Masana, kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa kumasungidwa pa 20 ~ 25 ° C, ndipo mpweya umatsekedwa pamene kutentha kumatsika mpaka 20 ° C masana. Kutentha kwausiku kumasungidwa pa 15 ~ 17 ℃. Pamasiku a mitambo, malinga ndi nyengo ndi malo olima, mphepo iyenera kumasulidwa bwino kuti ichepetse chinyezi.
- Kulima pofuna kupewa matenda
Limbikitsani kulima ang'onoang'ono ndi mkulu cardigan mulching filimu kuchita kukapanda kuleka ulimi ulimi wothirira luso, kuchepetsa chinyezi ndi kuchepetsa matenda. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika m'mawa pamasiku adzuwa kuti mupewe kuchuluka. Zolimbitsa kuthirira kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. Mukathirira, samalani ndikutulutsa mphepo ndikuchotsa chinyezi. Pambuyo pa matendawa, chotsani zipatso zodwala ndi masamba mu nthawi ndikuchita nawo bwino kuti muteteze kufalikira kwa majeremusi. Mukasonkhanitsa zipatso ndi musanabzale mbande, zotsalira za matenda zimachotsedwa kuti ziyeretse m'munda ndikuchepetsa matenda a mabakiteriya.
- Kulamulira mwakuthupi
Kugwiritsa ntchito chilimwe ndi yophukira kutentha kwambiri, anatseka dzuwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa nthawi yoposa mlungu umodzi, ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha kukwera oposa 70 ° C, kutentha disinfection.
Kuwongolera mankhwala
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a imvi nkhungu ya phwetekere, ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu yoyenera yamankhwala kuti muyilamulire mwasayansi. Pamene phwetekere yoviikidwa m'maluwa, mu maluwa okonzeka kuviika, 50% ya kuchuluka kwa saprophyticus wettable powder, kapena 50% ya doxycarb wettable powder, ndi zina zotero, amawonjezeredwa kuti ateteze matenda a bakiteriya. Musanadzalemo, phwetekere iyenera kutetezedwa bwino ndi 50% carbendazim yonyowa ufa 500 madzi, kapena 50% Suacrine wettable ufa 500 nthawi zamadzimadzi kutsitsi kamodzi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, 2000 nthawi zamadzimadzi a 50% Suk flexible wettable powder, 500 times liquid of 50% carbendazam wettable powder, kapena 1500 times liquid of 50% puhain wettable powder adagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera ndi kuwongolera, kamodzi pa 7 mpaka Masiku 10, 2 mpaka 3 motsatizana. Mukhozanso kusankha 45% Chlorothalonil utsi wothandizira kapena 10% Sukline utsi wothandizira, 250 magalamu pa mu wowonjezera kutentha, kutsekedwa wowonjezera kutentha pambuyo 7 mpaka 8 malo madzulo kuyatsa kupewa utsi. Matendawa akamakula, mutatha kuchotsa masamba odwala, zipatso ndi zimayambira, othandizira ndi njira zomwe zili pamwambazi zimatengedwa kuti zitetezedwe ndikuchiritsa 2 mpaka 3.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-06-2023
