Lumikizanani ndi herbicidesndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posamalira udzu powononga minyewa ya zomera yomwe imakumana nayo mwachindunji. Mosiyanamankhwala herbicides, zomwe zimatengeka ndikuyenda mkati mwa chomeracho kuti zifike ndi kupha mizu yake ndi mbali zina, zimagwirizana ndi mankhwala ophera udzu m'deralo, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka ndi imfa m'madera omwe akhudzidwa.
Mankhwala ophera udzu ali m'gulu la mankhwala ophera udzu akale omwe adapangidwa kuti athetse udzu waulimi komanso osagwiritsa ntchito ulimi. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwawo kunayamba chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, ndipo ngakhale kunabwera umisiri wotsogola kwambiri wa mankhwala ophera udzu, mankhwala ophera udzu amakhalabe othandiza kwambiri pa ntchito zina, makamaka pamene pakufunika kuletsa udzu mwachangu m’madera ena.
Kufunika Kosamalira Udzu
Kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera udzu mu kasamalidwe ka udzu wamakono kwagona pakuchita kwawo mwachangu komanso kutha kuwongolera madera omwe ali ndi vuto popanda kuwononga zomera zozungulira. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira pazaulimi, monga kupalira pakati pa mizere, ndi madera osalima monga njira ndi malo ogulitsa.
Mmene Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Mankhwala a Herbicides
Kulumikizana ndi mankhwala a herbicides amagwira ntchito powononga mwachindunji ma cell a mbewu omwe amakumana nawo. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kumaphatikizapo kung'ambika kwa ma cell, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cell azituluka komanso kufa mwachangu kwa minofu yomwe yakhudzidwa. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala kosiyana malinga ndi mankhwala a herbicide koma nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zotsatira zachangu komanso zowoneka.
Mitundu Yowonongeka kwa Maselo Omera
Mitundu yoyambirira ya kuwonongeka kwa ma cell chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi herbicides ndi:
Kusokonezeka kwa Ma cell Membrane: Kumatsogolera ku kutayikira kwa ma cell ndi kutsika.
Kupsyinjika kwa Oxidative: Kuyambitsidwa ndi m'badwo wa mitundu ya okosijeni yokhazikika (ROS), yomwe imawononga ma cell.
Kusalinganika kwa pH: Kuyambitsa kusagwira ntchito kwa ma cell ndi kufa.
Kuyerekeza ndi Systemic Herbicides
Mosiyana ndi mankhwala ophera udzu, mankhwala a herbicides amatengedwa ndi mbewu ndikutumizidwa kumadera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mizu ndi mphukira, kuti aphe mbewu yonse. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma herbicides azigwira ntchitoudzu osathakuwongolera, chifukwa amatha kulunjika mbali zapansi za udzu. Komabe, mankhwala ophera udzu amakondedwa chifukwa chakuchita mwachangu komanso kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chokhudza mbewu zomwe sizinali zofuna.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala a Herbicides
Mankhwala ophera udzu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kupopera, zomwe zimafuna kuti masamba a mmerawo azitha kugwira bwino ntchito. Njira zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito ndizofunika kwambiri kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuchepetsa zinyalala komanso kuwonongeka komwe sikunafune.
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala opha udzu nthawi yakukula pamene namsongole akukula kwambiri ndipo ali ndi masamba okwanira kuti amwe mankhwalawo. Kugwiritsira ntchito m'mawa kapena madzulo nthawi zambiri kumakonda kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa nthunzi ndi kugwedezeka.
Kulondola ndikofunikira mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha udzu. Muyenera kusamala kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu okhawo, chifukwa mankhwala ophera udzuwa nthawi zambiri sasankha ndipo amatha kuwononga mbewu zomwe akumana nazo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zishango zoteteza komanso njira zopopera mankhwala molunjika zingathandize kukwaniritsa izi.
Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito Pakukhudzana ndi Herbicides
Kuwongolera Udzu Wapachaka
Kulumikizana ndi herbicides kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndiudzu wapachaka, zomwe zimamaliza moyo wawo munyengo imodzi. Poononga zigawo zomwe zili pamwambazi, mankhwala ophera udzuwa amalepheretsa kupanga mbewu komanso kufalikira kwa namsongole pachaka.
Inter-row Weed Control
Paulimi, mankhwala ophera udzu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa udzu pakati pa mizere ya mbewu popanda kuwononga mbewu zokha. Ntchito yosankhayi imathandizira kukhalabe ndi thanzi la mbewu ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa udzu.
Gwiritsani Ntchito M'madera Osalima
Mankhwala ophera udzu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi m'malo osalima monga misewu, malo ogulitsa mafakitale, ndi njanji komwe kumafunikira kuletsa udzu wambiri. Kuchita kwawo mwachangu komanso kuchita bwino m'malo awa kumawapangitsa kukhala chida chofunikira chosamalira zomera.
Common Contact Herbicides
Kachitidwe kake: Diquat imasokoneza ma membranes, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minyewa ya zomera iwonongeke.
Milandu Yogwiritsa Ntchito: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mipesa ya mbatata asanakolole komanso kuwongolera udzu wam'madzi.
Mawonekedwe: Kuchita mwachangu ndi zotsatira zowoneka mkati mwa maola.
Kachitidwe Kachitidwe: Paraquat imapangitsa kupanga mitundu ya okosijeni yokhazikika, yomwe imawononga ma cell, zomwe zimapangitsa kufa kwa mbewu mwachangu.
Milandu Yogwiritsiridwa Ntchito: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi poyaka moto musanabzalidwe komanso m'malo osalima.
Mawonekedwe: Imachita mwachangu kwambiri koma yowopsa kwambiri, yomwe imafunikira kuchitidwa mosamala ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Kachitidwe kake: Mafuta a asidiwa amasokoneza nembanemba za ma cell, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minyewa ya zomera iwonongeke msanga.
Milandu Yogwiritsira Ntchito: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi wa organic ngati mankhwala osasankha a herbicide pochiza mawanga.
Makhalidwe: Amachokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe ndipo amawonedwa ngati otetezeka ku chilengedwe.
Njira Yochitira: Glufosinate imalepheretsa enzyme glutamine synthetase, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ammonia achuluke m'maselo a zomera.
Milandu Yogwiritsiridwa Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa udzu m'mbewu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chimanga ndi soya, komanso popangira masamba ndi zokongoletsera.
Makhalidwe: Kusasankha komanso kuchita zinthu mwachangu.
Njira Yochitira: Imachepetsa pH mkati mwa maselo a zomera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomera ziwonongeke komanso kufa kwa zomera.
Milandu Yogwiritsiridwa Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yamaluwa ndi minda yapakhomo pothana ndi udzu.
Makhalidwe: Zachilengedwe komanso zowonongeka, zogwira ntchito molingana ndi ndende.
Ubwino Wolumikizana ndi Herbicides
Zotsatira Zachangu
Ubwino wina waukulu wa mankhwala ophera udzu ndi kuthekera kwawo kutulutsa zotsatira mwachangu. Zowoneka nthawi zambiri zimachitika mkati mwa maola angapo kapena masiku angapo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino m'malo omwe kuletsa udzu mwachangu kumafunikira.
Palibe Nthaka Zotsalira
Kuthana ndi mankhwala ophera udzu nthawi zambiri sikusiya zotsalira m'nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zibzalidwe bwino mukangobzala. Kuperewera kwa zotsalira za nthaka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuti zigwirizane ndi machitidwe osakanikirana a udzu.
Zochita Zolinga
Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala ophera udzu kumalola kusamalidwa bwino kwa udzu m'malo omwe ali ndi vuto popanda kuwononga munda wonse kapena dimba. Zolinga izi ndizopindulitsa pazaulimi komanso osati zaulimi.
Zochepa Zokhudzana ndi Herbicides
Kukulanso kwa Udzu
Popeza kuti mankhwala ophera udzu samakhudza mizu, namsongole osatha amatha kuphukanso kuchokera pansi pa nthaka. Kuchepetsa uku kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kapena kuphatikiza ndi njira zina zowononga udzu.
Kupha Mosasankha
Kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ophera udzu kumatha kuwononga mbewu iliyonse yomwe ingakhudze, zomwe zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala kuti zisawononge zomera zofunika. Kusasankha kumeneku kumafuna kulunjika kolondola komanso njira zodzitetezera pakagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Nkhawa Zachitetezo
Mankhwala ena okhudzana ndi udzu, monga paraquat, ndi oopsa kwambiri ndipo amafunikira njira zodzitetezera. Zida zodzitetezera zoyenera ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito ndizofunika kuti muchepetse chiopsezo ku thanzi la anthu komanso zamoyo zomwe sizili zolinga.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-17-2024
